Many people are surprised to hear that the air in Dubai is often of a poorer quality than in Abu Dhabi. However, this is clearly demonstrated by data from the environmental agency of the United Arab Emirates.
Although air pollution in Dubai is not as extreme as in cities such as Beijing, New Delhi, or Cairo, the difference with Abu Dhabi remains notable.
The standard for measuring air pollution is PM2.5, or fine particulate matter. On 12 June, a reading of 32 micrograms per cubic metre was measured in Dubai. In Abu Dhabi, that figure was around 22 micrograms per cubic metre. That is a difference of 43% between the two cities. Historically, Dubai has averaged 15% to 20% more fine particulate matter in the air than Abu Dhabi.
How can two cities in the same country have such different air quality levels?
Busy roads and numerous construction projects lead to more pollution
One of the biggest causes is the difference in population density and traffic. Dubai simply has more cars per square metre than Abu Dhabi. The heavy traffic results in significant emissions of fine particulate matter.
Furthermore, considerably more construction takes place in Dubai, particularly in central areas such as Downtown Dubai, Dubai Marina, and Palm Jumeirah. The dust clouds and exhaust fumes from construction machinery have a substantial impact on air quality.
Industrial zones and natural conditions also play a role
Another key factor is the industrial zones located close to the city. In Dubai, areas such as Jebel Ali and Al Khail are situated near residential districts. In Abu Dhabi, by contrast, most industrial estates are located further from the city.
Weather also plays a part. Due to its geographical location, Abu Dhabi benefits more frequently from a sea breeze that disperses air pollution. This is less often the case in Dubai.
Finally, Abu Dhabi has more green zones and parks, partly due to its lower population density. These green buffers help to improve air quality locally to some extent.
For people from cities such as London, where PM2.5 levels are three to four times lower than in Dubai, the difference is clearly noticeable. Families with young children or individuals with respiratory issues may therefore be more inclined to choose Abu Dhabi. Even affluent parents might base their choice of residential location on air quality.